Reflexión Final del Curso...!

Le doy Gracias a Dios por permitirme continuar mis estudios, esta materia me ha parecido muy buena y muy dinámica la cual ha sido de una experiencia muy grata y muy enriquecedora a la vez.

Gracias a la profesora por brindarnos estos conocimientos con estas nuevas herramientas de trabajo y de aprendizaje, permitiendo aprovechar al máximo la tecnología con la cual contamos.

Esperando continuar con tan buen grupo de estudio... Me despido Coordialmente...!

Final Project - Y042P

A. Categorias lexicales y uso del diccionario.

The Computation is a general term for any type of process, algorithm or measurement; this often includes but is not limited to digital data. This includes phenomena ranging from human thinking to calculations with a more narrow meaning. Computation is a process following a well-defined model that is understood and can be expressed in an algorithm, protocol, network topology, etc. Computation is also a major subject matter of computer science: it investigates what can or cannot be done in a computational manner.

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Text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation

 

1. Identificacion de palabras que no se conocen su significado: Uso del diccionario.. agrega las abreviaciones (al menos 5 palabras)

     Narrow: adj. Estrechar, angostar.

     Ranging: tr. apuntar

     Meaning: n. significado, intención, propósito.

     Manner: n. manera, modo.

     Phenomena: n. fenómeno.

2. Tiempo verbales (selecciona 1 ejemplo para cada tiempo verbal presente en el texto).

     Computation is a general term for any type of process. Presente Simple.

3. Idea principal del texto.

     La computación no sólo se limita a datos digitales, sino que también incluye procesos como algoritmos, topología entre otros.

4. Categorias lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoria)

     • Palabras de contenido:

     • Palabras de Función:

     • Verbos: is, be, limited,

     • Adverbio:

     • Adjetivo: general, any, this,

     • Artículo: the, a,

     • Preposiciones: for, of, in,

     • Conjunción: and, that, but, or.

     • Cognados verdaderos: general, process, digital, Computation, protocol.

     • Cognados Falsos: science.

     • Sufijo: thinking, ranging, meaning, computational.

     • Prefijos:

B. Estructura de la oracion: (3 ejemplos) (Selecciona uno o dos parrafos de u articulo relacionado a tu area de experticia)

     The theory of computation or computer theory is the branch of computer science and mathematics that deals with whether and how efficiently problems can be solved on a model of computation, using an algorithm. The field is divided into two major branches: computability theory and complexity theory, but both branches deal with formal models of computation.

     In order to perform a rigorous study of computation, computer scientists work with a mathematical abstraction of computers called a model of computation. There are several models in use, but the most commonly examined is the Turing machine. Computer scientists study the Turing machine because it is simple to formulate, can be analyzed and used to prove results, and because it represents what many consider the most powerful possible "reasonable" model of computation. It might seem that the potentially infinite memory capacity is an unrealizable attribute, but any decidable problem solved by a Turing machine will always require only a finite amount of memory. So in principle, any problem that can be solved (decided) by a Turing machine can be solved by a computer that has a bounded amount of memory.

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Text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_computation

Ejemplo 1: The theory of computation or computer theory is the branch of computer science.

    Frase nominal: The theory of computation or computer theory.

    Núcleo de la frase nominal: theory of computation.

    Frase verbal: is the branch of computer science.

Ejemplo 2: The field is divided into two major branches.

    Frase nominal: The field.

    Núcleo de la frase nominal: field.

    Frase verbal: is divided into two major branches.

Ejemplo 3: Turing machine can be solved by a computer that has a bounded amount of memory.

    Frase nominal: Turing machine.

    Núcleo de la frase nominal: machine.

    Frase verbal: can be solved by a computer that has a bounded amount of memory.

C.- Estrategias de lectura:

Prediccion: (busca un artículo que tenga una imagen que te ayude a predecir)

     

      Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience (Jago, 1982). This guide will help you through that process.

       To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things you must be, know, and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they are NOT resting on their laurels.

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Text: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadcon.html

Picture: http://www.satelec.es/2010/images/stories/leadership.jpg

Skimming:

         Por la imagen, podemos decir que trata sobre liderazgo, una persona a seguir..! Coincidiendo con el texto, trata sobre que un líder no nace, sino que se hace, los líderes se desarrollan a través de un proceso interminable de auto-estudio, la educación, la capacitación y experiencia.

         • Palabras claves: leaders, not born, experiencia, education, willpower.

         • Palabras que se repiten: are, and, you, good, leaders, not, study.

Scanning: (Preguntas puntuales sobre fechas, sitios, etc) (utiliza una biografia referente a algun autor de tu area de experticia))

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliɬaɬa manˈdeːla]; born 18 July 1918)[1] served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life in prison. Mandela served 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela led his party in the negotiations that led to multi-racial democracy in 1994. As president from 1994 to 1999, he frequently gave priority to reconciliation.

In South Africa, Mandela is often known as Madiba, an honorary title adopted by elders of Mandela's clan.

Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize.

Mandela is a vocal supporter of SOS Children's Villages, the world's largest organisation dedicated to raising orphaned and abandoned children.[115] Mandela appeared in a televised advertisement for the 2006 Winter Olympics, and was quoted for the International Olympic Committee's Celebrate Humanity campaign:[116]

For seventeen days, they are roommates. For seventeen days, they are soulmates. And for twenty-two seconds, they are competitors. Seventeen days as equals. Twenty-two seconds as adversaries. What a wonderful world that would be. That's the hope I see in the Olympic Games.

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Text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela

a. Cuando Nacio Nelson Mandela?

    Nació el 18 de Julio de 1918.

b. Con cuál nombre es Conocido Nelson Mandela?

    Es conocido como Madiba.

c. Cuantos Premios ha recibido Nelson Mandela?

    Más de 250 premios.

• Marcadores de definición: is, is known as.

• Marcadores de tiempo: for twenty-two seconds, seventeen days, from 1994 to 1999, in 1994, 27 years, In 1962.

• Marcadores de secuencia: first.

Act. N° 4. Leadership

Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo

A. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia lea el texto y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.

           Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association (AMA) as "the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large." The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to a market to buy or sell goods or services. Seen from a systems point of view, sales process engineering views marketing as "a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions, whose methods can be improved using a variety of relatively new approaches".

           Definicion: Marketing

           Marcadores de Discurso: Isdefined by

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Text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing


B. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las palabras claves, diga si son de instrucciones, o de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo. Marcadores de Tiempo, Tipo de texto, Idea general del párrafo.

Leadership

Rise of alternative theories

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, however, a series of qualitative reviews of these studies (e.g., Bird, 1940[8]; Stogdill, 1948[9]; Mann, 1959[10]) prompted researchers to take a drastically different view of the driving forces behind leadership. In reviewing the extant literature, Stogdill and Mann found that while some traits were common across a number of studies, the overall evidence suggested that persons who are leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in other situations. Subsequently, leadership was no longer characterized as an enduring individual trait, as situational approaches (see alternative leadership theories below) posited that individuals can be effective in certain situations, but not others. This approach dominated much of the leadership theory and research for the next few decades.

        • Marcadores de Tiempo: early 1950s, the next few decades,
        • Tipo de texto: Secuencial.
        • Idea general del párrafo: Observar los diferentes rumbos drásticos que ha tomado las teorías alternativas del liderazgo a través de los años.
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Text:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership

Act. N° 3. Biography Of Philip Kotler

       Philip Kotler (born 27 May 1931 in Chicago) is the S.C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.

       He received his master's degree at the University of Chicago and his PhD at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, both in economics. He did postdoctoral work in mathematics at Harvard University and in behavioral science at the University of Chicago.

       Professor Kotler's book, Marketing Management, is the world's most widely used graduate level textbook in marketing. His other textbooks include Principles of Marketing and Marketing: An Introduction and they are also widely used in the world.

       Kotler developed new concepts in marketing including demarketing, megamarketing, turbomarketing and synchromarketing. He believes that marketing theory needs to go beyond price theory and incorporate the dynamics of innovation, distribution and promotion systems into analyzing, explaining and predicting economic outcomes.

       Kotler has been consulted by many large companies, including IBM, Michelin, Bank of America, Merck, General Electric, Honeywell, Samsung,Coca cola, Hyundai and Motorola — in the areas of marketing strategy, planning and organization, and international marketing.

        He presents seminars in major international cities around the world on the latest marketing developments to companies and other organizations.

1. Idea General del Texto.

    Breve Biografía de Philip Kotler.

2. Palabras que se repiten.

    is, the, his, Marketing, and, in, at, of, he, international.

3. Palabras que se parecen al español.

   Chicago, International, University, economics, postdoctoral, mathematics, Professor, Distinguished, Introduction, Principles, include, gradúate, concepts, Incorporate, Innovation, Dsitribution, Promotion, Analyzing, Strategy, Organization, Companies.

4. Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el título, subtítulo, gráficos que te ayuden a entender el texto.

    Philip Kotler (Título).

    Imagen del Autor Philip Kotler.

5. De que se trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último para las ideas del párrafo.

    Sobre sus estudios y desempeño de sus teorías y conceptos como consultor en empresas de marketing.

6. Cuando Nació Philip Kotler?

    He was born in May 1931

7. Qué libros se mencionan de Philip Kotler?

    Marketing Management and Principles of Marketing and Marketing.

8. Cuales son las compañías que han tomado a Philip Kotler como consultor?

    Algunas de las compañías son: IBM, Michelin, Bank of America, Merck, General Electric, Honeywell, Samsung, Coca-Cola, Hyundai and Motorola.

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Text and Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kotler-DSC_0510.jpg

Website Recomendados..!

Sitios webs como:

Están diseñadas para obtener información actualizada sobre todas las áreas de la Gerencia y la Publicidad, especializadas en nuestra área de estudio.

Ambas empresas, poseen secciones de Temas de Negocios, Gestión y Gerencia, Marketing, las cuales tendrán acceso a decenas de áreas o categorías de negocios, mediante las cuales ha organizado el portal. Su objetivo facilitar el acceso a los gerentes de habla hispana a la vasta cantidad y variedad de recursos disponibles: artículos, noticias, ideas, enlaces y mucho más.

http://www.puromarketing.com/
http://www.degerencia.com/

Biography of Andres Eloy Blanco

1. Idea General del Texto.
    Breve Biografía de Andrés Eloy Blanco.

2. Palabras que se repiten.
    He, in, his.

3. Palabras que se parecen al español.
    Cumana, Completed, Education, Doctor, Central, University, Political, Graduated, Special, Language, Festival, Ability.

4. Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el título, subtítulo, gráficos que te ayuden a entender el texto.
    About Andres Eloy Blanco (Título).
    No hay Gráfico.

5. De que se trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último para las ideas del párrafo.
    Sobre la Educación de Andrés Eloy Blanco.

6. Cuando Nació Andres Eloy Blanco?
     He was born in August 1899.

7. Donde estudió?
    At the Central University.

8. Cual fue su carrera?
    Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.

Merriam Webster On Line...!

http://www.merriam-webster.com/

Marcadores de Tiempo

Biography of Peter Drucker...!

Peter Ferdinand Drucker (November 19, 1909 – November 11, 2005) was a writer, management consultant, and self-described “social ecologist.” His books and scholarly and popular articles explored how humans are organized across the business, government and the nonprofit sectors of society. His writings have predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century, including privatization and decentralization; the rise of Japan to economic world power; the decisive importance of marketing; and the emergence of the information society with its necessity of lifelong learning. In 1959, Drucker coined the term “knowledge worker" and later in his life considered knowledge work productivity to be the next frontier of management.

Marcadores de Tiempo:

November 19, 1909 – November 11, 2005

late twentieth century

1959

later

next

Elementos en el texto

Frases Verbal, Nominal, Núcleo y Cognados

Identificar en el texto: Frase verbal, nominal, pre-modificadores, post-modificadores, núcleo, complementos.

THE CIRCLES OF TRUTH

The circles of Truth invites courageous souls to find themselves. This novel is the doorway of something much bigger; it's the prelude of what might be the fulfillment of all the longings of real Truth seekers, of all those that don't believe just because, all those avoiding imposed dogmas and deeply-rooted conventions and any other mental manipulation; but they do feel a burning flame inside which provokes them to restlessly search for the knowledge about mysteries of life.

Catherine, an educated and exceptional woman, of deep spiritual convictions, with an interior force that causes envy and admiration which has led patiently her children by paths of righteousness and truth; she has shared with them and with other people new points of view or extraordinary knowledge on Jesus, the most written figure along the history, or on God, the creator of the universe; she knows that the time has come to deal with other matters, and it will be her own decision and the mystery that surrounds it, which stimulates Roberto, her youngest son and professional journalist, an unstoppable search that will run parallel to his exciting, secret and risky journalistic investigation on the Templar, Rosicrucian order and Masons, and that will lead him to find, to know and to spread unsuspected truths, far beyond his initial aim.

"The Circles of the Truth" it is not a usual novel, where its author tries to merely expose his fantasy with beauty, his creation of prominent figures interlaced by its stories and circumstances, but where, besides it, he really manages to treat thoroughly and to give new solutions to the deepest questions on which men constantly interrogate themselves. And Cristian Liur obtains it by embarking the reader in an adventure of increasing expectation that joins reader and book in an indissoluble bow that cannot break while there are pages left for reading.

But the best of all, the most important thing, is not that the protagonist reaches his search with unsuspected finds or maybe being a victim of a deep disappointment, nor that the author solves satisfactorily the raised plot, but it is the own reader who can initiate from the end of this novel its most exciting adventure, leading it to discover personally the Truth on each of these questions that man and woman cannot avoid. The truth will not stop being transitory at last because again and again, without any limit of time or space, circumstances or contents, may be extended.

Oración N°1: The circles of Truth invites courageous souls to find themselves.

      Frase Nominal: The circles of Truth.
      Núcleo: Circles.
      Frase Verbal: courageous souls to find themselves.

Oración N°2: This novel is the doorway of something much bigger.
      Frase Nominal: This novel.
      Núcleo: Is.
      Frase Verbal: the doorway of something much bigger

Cognados verdaderos: contents, space, victim, real, mental, interior, profesional, secret, investigation, protagonist.

Cognados falsos.

Practica N° 2. Definiciones y Marcadores

Ejercicio 2. Lea los siguientes textos y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.

 

a) Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, "logos") or theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.[1] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808-1864).[

 

Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief, and justification. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims. In other words, epistemology primarily addresses the following questions: "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", and "What do people know?”

 

Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 3, 1967, Macmillan, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology, consultado el 30/06/2008

 

Epistemology:

    Definición: Is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.

    Marcador de discruso: Is

 

 

b) Interpersonal communication is defined by communication scholars in numerous ways, though most definitions involve participants who are interdependent on one another, have a shared history. Communication channels are the medium chosen to convey the message from sender to receiver. Communication channels can be categorized into two main categories: Direct and Indirect channels of communication.

 

Interpersonal Communication:

    Definición: Involve participants who are interdependent on one another, have a shared history.

    Marcador de discruso: Involve.

  

Communication Channels:

    Definición: The medium chosen to convey the message from sender to receiver.

    Marcador de discruso: Are.

  

 

c) Neuro-linguistic programming (usually shortened to NLP) is an interpersonal communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy that was co-created by Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder in the 1970s. It was based on the subjective study of language, communication and personal change, in particular, mainly through modeling three successful psychotherapists, Fritz Perls (gestalt therapy), Virginia Satir (family systems therapy), and eventually Milton H. Erickson (clinical hypnosis). Bandler and Grinder aimed to discover and model the successful patterns of behavior and communication distinguishing these exceptional individuals from their peers. Some consider NLP to still be a set of techniques or strategies for enhancing communication and personal influence rather than a model or theory.

 

Neuro-linguistic programming

     Definición: Is an interpersonal communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy.

     Marcador de discruso: Is

 

Practica N° 1. Definición

Ejercicio 1. Definición.



Lea las siguientes definiciones y extraiga los marcadores del discurso.

a. Traditional leadership theory is narrowly concerned with top-down leadership in large organizations.

b. Ethics refers to learning what is right or wrong, and then doing the right thing.

c. Coaching is partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential.

d. The word leadership can refer to: 1. The ability "to get people to follow voluntarily." 2. Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading. 3. The ability to affect human behavior so as to accomplish a mission designated by the leader. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership, consultado el 30/06/2008

e. Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education, consultado el 30/06/2008

f. Ontology is known as the branch of philosophy focusing upon the origins, essence and meaning of being.