sábado, 7 de agosto de 2010

Reflexión Final del Curso...!

Le doy Gracias a Dios por permitirme continuar mis estudios, esta materia me ha parecido muy buena y muy dinámica la cual ha sido de una experiencia muy grata y muy enriquecedora a la vez.

Gracias a la profesora por brindarnos estos conocimientos con estas nuevas herramientas de trabajo y de aprendizaje, permitiendo aprovechar al máximo la tecnología con la cual contamos.

Esperando continuar con tan buen grupo de estudio... Me despido Coordialmente...!

Final Project - Y042P


A. Categorias lexicales y uso del diccionario.

The Computation is a general term for any type of process, algorithm or measurement; this often includes but is not limited to digital data. This includes phenomena ranging from human thinking to calculations with a more narrow meaning. Computation is a process following a well-defined model that is understood and can be expressed in an algorithm, protocol, network topology, etc. Computation is also a major subject matter of computer science: it investigates what can or cannot be done in a computational manner.

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1. Identificacion de palabras que no se conocen su significado: Uso del diccionario.. agrega las abreviaciones (al menos 5 palabras)
     Narrow: adj. Estrechar, angostar.
     Ranging: tr. apuntar
     Meaning: n. significado, intención, propósito.
     Manner: n. manera, modo.
     Phenomena: n. fenómeno.

2. Tiempo verbales (selecciona 1 ejemplo para cada tiempo verbal presente en el texto).
     Computation is a general term for any type of process. Presente Simple.

3. Idea principal del texto.
     La computación no sólo se limita a datos digitales, sino que también incluye procesos como algoritmos, topología entre otros.

4. Categorias lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoria)
     • Palabras de contenido:
     • Palabras de Función:
     • Verbos: is, be, limited,
     • Adverbio:
     • Adjetivo: general, any, this,
     • Artículo: the, a,
     • Preposiciones: for, of, in,
     • Conjunción: and, that, but, or.
     • Cognados verdaderos: general, process, digital, Computation, protocol.
     • Cognados Falsos: science.
     • Sufijo: thinking, ranging, meaning, computational.
     • Prefijos:

B. Estructura de la oracion: (3 ejemplos) (Selecciona uno o dos parrafos de u articulo relacionado a tu area de experticia)

     The theory of computation or computer theory is the branch of computer science and mathematics that deals with whether and how efficiently problems can be solved on a model of computation, using an algorithm. The field is divided into two major branches: computability theory and complexity theory, but both branches deal with formal models of computation.
     In order to perform a rigorous study of computation, computer scientists work with a mathematical abstraction of computers called a model of computation. There are several models in use, but the most commonly examined is the Turing machine. Computer scientists study the Turing machine because it is simple to formulate, can be analyzed and used to prove results, and because it represents what many consider the most powerful possible "reasonable" model of computation. It might seem that the potentially infinite memory capacity is an unrealizable attribute, but any decidable problem solved by a Turing machine will always require only a finite amount of memory. So in principle, any problem that can be solved (decided) by a Turing machine can be solved by a computer that has a bounded amount of memory.

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Ejemplo 1: The theory of computation or computer theory is the branch of computer science.
    Frase nominal: The theory of computation or computer theory.
    Núcleo de la frase nominal: theory of computation.
    Frase verbal: is the branch of computer science.

Ejemplo 2: The field is divided into two major branches.
    Frase nominal: The field.
    Núcleo de la frase nominal: field.
    Frase verbal: is divided into two major branches.

Ejemplo 3: Turing machine can be solved by a computer that has a bounded amount of memory.
    Frase nominal: Turing machine.
    Núcleo de la frase nominal: machine.
    Frase verbal: can be solved by a computer that has a bounded amount of memory.

C.- Estrategias de lectura:

Prediccion: (busca un artículo que tenga una imagen que te ayude a predecir)
     
      Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience (Jago, 1982). This guide will help you through that process.

       To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things you must be, know, and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they are NOT resting on their laurels.

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Skimming:

         Por la imagen, podemos decir que trata sobre liderazgo, una persona a seguir..! Coincidiendo con el texto, trata sobre que un líder no nace, sino que se hace, los líderes se desarrollan a través de un proceso interminable de auto-estudio, la educación, la capacitación y experiencia.

         • Palabras claves: leaders, not born, experiencia, education, willpower.
         • Palabras que se repiten: are, and, you, good, leaders, not, study.


Scanning: (Preguntas puntuales sobre fechas, sitios, etc) (utiliza una biografia referente a algun autor de tu area de experticia))

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliɬaɬa manˈdeːla]; born 18 July 1918)[1] served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life in prison. Mandela served 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela led his party in the negotiations that led to multi-racial democracy in 1994. As president from 1994 to 1999, he frequently gave priority to reconciliation.

In South Africa, Mandela is often known as Madiba, an honorary title adopted by elders of Mandela's clan.

Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize.

Mandela is a vocal supporter of SOS Children's Villages, the world's largest organisation dedicated to raising orphaned and abandoned children.[115] Mandela appeared in a televised advertisement for the 2006 Winter Olympics, and was quoted for the International Olympic Committee's Celebrate Humanity campaign:[116]

For seventeen days, they are roommates. For seventeen days, they are soulmates. And for twenty-two seconds, they are competitors. Seventeen days as equals. Twenty-two seconds as adversaries. What a wonderful world that would be. That's the hope I see in the Olympic Games.

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a. Cuando Nacio Nelson Mandela?
    Nació el 18 de Julio de 1918.

b. Con cuál nombre es Conocido Nelson Mandela?
    Es conocido como Madiba.

c. Cuantos Premios ha recibido Nelson Mandela?
    Más de 250 premios.

• Marcadores de definición: is, is known as.
• Marcadores de tiempo: for twenty-two seconds, seventeen days, from 1994 to 1999, in 1994, 27 years, In 1962.
• Marcadores de secuencia: first.

Act. N° 4. Leadership

Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo

A. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia lea el texto y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.

           Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association (AMA) as "the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large." The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to a market to buy or sell goods or services. Seen from a systems point of view, sales process engineering views marketing as "a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions, whose methods can be improved using a variety of relatively new approaches".

           Definicion: Marketing
           Marcadores de Discurso: Isdefined by
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Text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing


B. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las palabras claves, diga si son de instrucciones, o de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo. Marcadores de Tiempo, Tipo de texto, Idea general del párrafo.

Leadership
Rise of alternative theories

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, however, a series of qualitative reviews of these studies (e.g., Bird, 1940[8]; Stogdill, 1948[9]; Mann, 1959[10]) prompted researchers to take a drastically different view of the driving forces behind leadership. In reviewing the extant literature, Stogdill and Mann found that while some traits were common across a number of studies, the overall evidence suggested that persons who are leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in other situations. Subsequently, leadership was no longer characterized as an enduring individual trait, as situational approaches (see alternative leadership theories below) posited that individuals can be effective in certain situations, but not others. This approach dominated much of the leadership theory and research for the next few decades.

        • Marcadores de Tiempo: early 1950s, the next few decades,
        • Tipo de texto: Secuencial.
        • Idea general del párrafo: Observar los diferentes rumbos drásticos que ha tomado las teorías alternativas del liderazgo a través de los años.
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Text:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership

Act. N° 3. Biography Of Philip Kotler

       Philip Kotler (born 27 May 1931 in Chicago) is the S.C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.

       He received his master's degree at the University of Chicago and his PhD at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, both in economics. He did postdoctoral work in mathematics at Harvard University and in behavioral science at the University of Chicago.

       Professor Kotler's book, Marketing Management, is the world's most widely used graduate level textbook in marketing. His other textbooks include Principles of Marketing and Marketing: An Introduction and they are also widely used in the world.

       Kotler developed new concepts in marketing including demarketing, megamarketing, turbomarketing and synchromarketing. He believes that marketing theory needs to go beyond price theory and incorporate the dynamics of innovation, distribution and promotion systems into analyzing, explaining and predicting economic outcomes.

       Kotler has been consulted by many large companies, including IBM, Michelin, Bank of America, Merck, General Electric, Honeywell, Samsung,Coca cola, Hyundai and Motorola — in the areas of marketing strategy, planning and organization, and international marketing.

        He presents seminars in major international cities around the world on the latest marketing developments to companies and other organizations.


1. Idea General del Texto.
    Breve Biografía de Philip Kotler.

2. Palabras que se repiten.
    is, the, his, Marketing, and, in, at, of, he, international.

3. Palabras que se parecen al español.
   Chicago, International, University, economics, postdoctoral, mathematics, Professor, Distinguished, Introduction, Principles, include, gradúate, concepts, Incorporate, Innovation, Dsitribution, Promotion, Analyzing, Strategy, Organization, Companies.

4. Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el título, subtítulo, gráficos que te ayuden a entender el texto.
    Philip Kotler (Título).
    Imagen del Autor Philip Kotler.

5. De que se trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último para las ideas del párrafo.
    Sobre sus estudios y desempeño de sus teorías y conceptos como consultor en empresas de marketing.

6. Cuando Nació Philip Kotler?
    He was born in May 1931

7. Qué libros se mencionan de Philip Kotler?
    Marketing Management and Principles of Marketing and Marketing.

8. Cuales son las compañías que han tomado a Philip Kotler como consultor?
    Algunas de las compañías son: IBM, Michelin, Bank of America, Merck, General Electric, Honeywell, Samsung, Coca-Cola, Hyundai and Motorola.

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Text and Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kotler-DSC_0510.jpg

Website Recomendados..!

Sitios webs como:

Están diseñadas para obtener información actualizada sobre todas las áreas de la Gerencia y la Publicidad, especializadas en nuestra área de estudio.

Ambas empresas, poseen secciones de Temas de Negocios, Gestión y Gerencia, Marketing, las cuales tendrán acceso a decenas de áreas o categorías de negocios, mediante las cuales ha organizado el portal. Su objetivo facilitar el acceso a los gerentes de habla hispana a la vasta cantidad y variedad de recursos disponibles: artículos, noticias, ideas, enlaces y mucho más.

http://www.puromarketing.com/
http://www.degerencia.com/

Biography of Andres Eloy Blanco

1. Idea General del Texto.
    Breve Biografía de Andrés Eloy Blanco.

2. Palabras que se repiten.
    He, in, his.

3. Palabras que se parecen al español.
    Cumana, Completed, Education, Doctor, Central, University, Political, Graduated, Special, Language, Festival, Ability.

4. Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el título, subtítulo, gráficos que te ayuden a entender el texto.
    About Andres Eloy Blanco (Título).
    No hay Gráfico.

5. De que se trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último para las ideas del párrafo.
    Sobre la Educación de Andrés Eloy Blanco.

6. Cuando Nació Andres Eloy Blanco?
     He was born in August 1899.

7. Donde estudió?
    At the Central University.

8. Cual fue su carrera?
    Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.

Merriam Webster On Line...!

http://www.merriam-webster.com/